Angry Birds Chrome now uses the Web Audio API

By Fred Sauer, Developer Advocate

Cross-posted with the Google Web Toolkit Blog

Last week Angry Birds for Chrome was updated to use the Web Audio API for all its in-game audio for Chrome users, which means Chrome users get the full Angry Birds experience, without any plugins. The Web Audio API supports a wide variety of use cases, including the high fidelity and low latency requirements of games. Users of other supported browsers will still get sound via Flash or HTML5 audio.

How does this cross-browser audio magic work? As you may have seen or heard, Angry Birds was in no small part made possible by the cross-platform open source PlayN library. When building for the HTML platform, PlayN in turn relies heavily on Google Web Toolkit (GWT) to delivery a highly optimized web experience for users, and on gwt-voices to easily deliver a cross-browser audio experience.

The responsibility of choosing the appropriate audio API for the game's sound is (mostly) left up to gwt-voices, which chooses the audio API that will give the best experience. If you'd like to hear how other audio APIs perform, you can ask gwt-voices to try to use the Web Audio API, Flash, HTML5 Audio, or even native audio. Your mileage will vary by browser and platform and which plugins you have installed. Also, gwt-voices will select the best available fallback, if the desired audio API is not going to work at all in your environment.

Want to learn more? Check out the Web Audio API tutorial and don't let those pigs grunt too much.


Fred Sauer is a Developer Advocate at Google where most of his time is devoted to Google App Engine and Google Web Toolkit. He is the author of various GWT related open source projects including gwt-dnd (providing in browser Drag and Drop capabilities), gwt-log (an advanced logging framework) and gwt-voices (for cross browser sound support). Fred has dedicated much of his career to Java related development, with an increasing focus on HTML5.

Posted by Scott Knaster, Editor

Translating JavaScript to Dart

Marcin

Aaron

By Aaron Wheeler, Senior User Experience Prototyper, and Marcin Wichary, Senior User Experience Designer

Cross-posted with the Chromium Blog

It took approximately 2000 years for the original Rosetta Stone to be discovered, which helped translate the Egyptian Hieroglyphs. We couldn’t wait that long to bridge the Dart and JavaScript worlds, so today we are releasing the JavaScript to Dart Synonym app.

Like most web developers, we are familiar, comfortable, and productive with JavaScript. We were curious about Dart, and thanks to a recent Dart hackathon, we had the chance to play with the language and libraries. The problem was, as JavaScript developers, we didn’t know how to map common JavaScript idioms to Dart. Hence the idea for this synonym app was born.

We started with the basics that every JavaScript and jQuery developer knows: variables, arrays, functions, classes, DOM manipulation, and many more. Then, with the help of the Dart team, we recorded the corresponding Dart versions of each idiom. To practice what we learned, we wrote this app with Dart.

We hope our app that maps between JavaScript and Dart eases your introduction to Dart and gives you a sense of where the project is going. We know the team is eager to hear your feedback. Don’t hesitate to join the conversation or file a new issue for either Dart or the Synonym app. And remember, Dart isn’t set in stone, so your feedback counts.


Aaron Wheeler is a user experience prototyper working on special projects that go beyond the Web. He balances design and engineering outside of work as well, splitting time between artistic pursuits and bicycle maintenance.

Marcin Wichary is a user experience designer, currently working on the Chrome browser and thinking of the future of the Web platform. He also occasionally codes interactive homepage doodles, such as Pac-Man and Stanislaw Lem.

Posted by Scott Knaster, Editor

g|saudi arabia 2.0 is back

By Rania Hadi, MENA Outreach Manager

View this post in Arabic

Building on a year packed with g|days throughout the Middle East and North Africa, today we are announcing Google MENA’s first 2012 event to kick off the new year. On March 24-25, Google, in collaboration with Badir Technology Incubator, will be hosting our second event in the Kingdom: g|saudi arabia 2.0.

We’re coming to Jeddah with a host of fresh sessions on all things technology and business. Google engineers, product managers, and business leaders will be there to not only deliver trainings but will be available for any questions, ideas, or discussions you may want to have. We’re also planning some new formats: hands-on workshops, dedicated sessions for women in technology, and chances to showcase Saudi’s finest developer talent.

So if you are a developer, programmer, IT professional, entrepreneur, or small business/start-up, you won’t want to miss this event! If you need more convincing, have a look at the fun, enthusiasm and energy from last year.




Rania Hadi has been with Google since 2004 and now works on Outreach in MENA. She focuses on building relationships and promoting Google technologies with the developer and tech communities.

Posted by Scott Knaster, Editor

Fridaygram: faster web, stronger machines, prettier planet

By Scott Knaster, Google Code Blog Editor

Everybody likes a faster web, and that theme has been evident this week here on Google Code Blog. On Monday, Yuchung Cheng wrote about Google’s research into making TCP faster through various proposals and experiments. Yesterday, Roberto Peon and Will Chan blogged about SPDY (pronounced speedy), Google’s protocol for speeding up the web’s application layer historically handled by HTTP. In related news this week, the chairman of the HTTPbis Working Group announced support for SPDY in a public post.

At Google, these projects are part of our Make the Web Faster initiative, although TCP improvements and SPDY are efforts of the whole community. Even if you’re not working on TCP or SPDY, you can find lots of useful resources at our Make the Web Faster site. For example, there are articles on compression, caching, metrics, and more, a set of tools for measuring and optimizing pages, and several discussion forums for communicating with other interested folks.

Sometimes stronger is more important than faster. Scientists looking to improve the durability of machinery have been studying the yellow fattail scorpion, which uses bumps on its back to resist damage from sandstorms. Researchers hope to use the scorpion’s design to create erosion-resistant surfaces for blades, pipes, and similar parts. Or maybe they’ll make machines that look like giant yellow scorpions.

Finally, take a step back from everything on Earth and have a look at NASA’s latest "Blue Marble" images of our planet. We have a beautiful home.


Let’s say this fast: Fridaygram posts are just for fun. Fridaygrams are designed for your Friday afternoon and weekend enjoyment. Each Fridaygram item must pass only one test: it has to be interesting to us nerds. That definitely includes speed, space, and scorpions.

Making the web speedier and safer with SPDY

Will

Roberto

By Roberto Peon and Will Chan, Software Engineers

Cross-posted with the Chromium Blog

In the two years since we announced SPDY, we’ve been working with the web community on evolving the spec and getting SPDY deployed on the Web.

Chrome, Android Honeycomb devices, and Google's servers have been speaking SPDY for some time, bringing important benefits to users. For example, thanks to SPDY, a significant percentage of Chrome users saw a decrease in search latency when we launched SSL-search. Given that Google search results are some of the most highly optimized pages on the internet, this was a surprising and welcome result.

We’ve also seen widespread community uptake and participation. Recently, Firefox has added SPDY support, which means that soon half of the browsers in use will support SPDY. On the server front, nginx has announced plans to implement SPDY, and we're actively working on a full featured mod-spdy for Apache. In addition, Strangeloop, Amazon, and Cotendo have all announced that they’ve been using SPDY.

Given SPDY's rapid adoption rate, we’re working hard on acceptance tests to help validate new implementations. Our best practices document can also help website operators make their sites as speedy as possible.

With the help of Mozilla and other contributors, we’re pushing hard to finalize and implement SPDY draft-3 in early 2012, as standardization discussions for SPDY will start at the next meeting of the IETF.

We look forward to working even more closely with the community to improve SPDY and make the Web faster!

To learn more about SPDY, see the link to a Tech Talk here, with slides here.


Roberto Peon and Will Chan co-lead the SPDY effort at Google. Roberto leads SPDY server efforts and continues to tell people to be unafraid of trying to change the world for the better. Will works on the Chrome network stack and leads the Chrome SPDY efforts. Outside of work, Will enjoys traveling the world in search of cheap beer and absurd situations.

Posted by Scott Knaster, Editor

Let's make TCP faster

By Yuchung Cheng, Make The Web Faster Team

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the workhorse of the Internet, is designed to deliver all the Web’s content and operate over a huge range of network types. To deliver content effectively, Web browsers typically open several dozen parallel TCP connections ahead of making actual requests. This strategy overcomes inherent TCP limitations but results in high latency in many situations and is not scalable.

Our research shows that the key to reducing latency is saving round trips. We’re experimenting with several improvements to TCP. Here’s a summary of some of our recommendations to make TCP faster:

1. Increase TCP initial congestion window to 10 (IW10). The amount of data sent at the beginning of a TCP connection is currently 3 packets, implying 3 round trips (RTT) to deliver a tiny 15KB-sized content. Our experiments indicate that IW10 reduces the network latency of Web transfers by over 10%.

2. Reduce the initial timeout from 3 seconds to 1 second. An RTT of 3 seconds was appropriate a couple of decades ago, but today’s Internet requires a much smaller timeout. Our rationale for this change is well documented here.

3. Use TCP Fast Open (TFO). For 33% of all HTTP requests, the browser needs to first spend one RTT to establish a TCP connection with the remote peer. Most HTTP responses fit in the initial TCP congestion window of 10 packets, doubling response time. TFO removes this overhead by including the HTTP request in the initial TCP SYN packet. We’ve demonstrated TFO reducing Page Load time by 10% on average, and over 40% in many situations. Our research paper and internet-draft address concerns such as dropped packets and DOS attacks when using TFO.

4. Use Proportional Rate Reduction for TCP (PRR). Packet losses indicate the network is in disorder or is congested. PRR, a new loss recovery algorithm, retransmits smoothly to recover losses during network congestion. The algorithm is faster than the current mechanism by adjusting the transmission rate according to the degree of losses. PRR is now part of the Linux kernel and is in the process of becoming part of the TCP standard.

In addition, we are developing algorithms to recover faster on noisy mobile networks, as well as a guaranteed 2-RTT delivery during startup. All our work on TCP is open-source and publicly available. We disseminate our innovations through the Linux kernel, IETF standards proposals, and research publications. Our goal is to partner with industry and academia to improve TCP for the whole Internet. Please watch this blog and http://code.google.com/speed/ for further information.


Yuchung Cheng works on the transport layer to make the Web faster. He believes the current transport layer badly needs an overhaul to catch up with other (networking) technologies. He can be reached at ycheng@google.com.

Posted by Scott Knaster, Editor

Fridaygram: don’t censor the web, rediscovering Darwin, beautiful nebula

By Scott Knaster, Google Code Blog Editor

Last Wednesday, the web looked very different than it usually does. Dozens of popular sites went dark or were modified in some way. We censored the logo on our homepage. As you probably know by now, all this was done to call attention to prospective legislation being debated by the U.S. Congress: the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the PROTECT IP Act (PIPA). These bills would censor the web, eliminate due process, and despite their titles, would not stop piracy.

We asked you to take action by signing a petition to Congress, and you responded. More than 7 million people in the U.S. added their names to the petition. We’re asking you to please keep sharing the petition with your friends at http://www.google.com/takeaction.

Let’s go from the U.S. Congress to the British Geological Survey, where Howard Falcon-Lang recently discovered a wooden cabinet tucked away in a corner. Inside the cabinet were rock samples with the signature C. Darwin, Esquire. As in Charles Darwin. It turns out that these samples were collected by Darwin during his HMS Beagle voyages in the 1830s, and had been misplaced for 165 years. Probably they’ll keep better track of the Darwin samples now.

Finally, for something that’s just really cool, please take a look at this video that zooms into an image of the Helix Nebula in the constellation Aquarius. Enjoy!




Fridaygram posts are generally just for fun, although we’ve put on our serious hat for the main item today. Fridaygrams are designed for your Friday afternoon and weekend enjoyment. Each Fridaygram item must pass only one test: it has to be interesting to us nerds.

Photoshop Shortcuts

1. Select Tools
v	Move tool
m (shift+m)	Rectangular Marquee Tool (Elliptical Marquee tool)
l (shift+l)	Lasso tool (Polygonal Magnetic Lasso tool)
w (shift+w)	Magic Wand tool (Quick Selection tool)
c (shift+c)	Crop tool (Slide tool, Slide Select tool)
i (shift+i)	Eyedropper tool (Color Sampler tool, Note Tool, Count Tool)
j (shift+j)	Spot Healing Brush tool (Healing Brush tool, Patch tool, Red Eye tool)
b (shift+b)	Brush tool (Pencil tool, Color Replacement tool, Mixer Brush tool)
s (shift+s)	Clone Stamp tool (Pattern Stamp tool)
y (shift+y)	History Brush tool (Art History Brush tool)
e (shift+e)	Eraser tool (Background Eraser tool, Magic Eraser tool)
g (shift+g)	Gradient tool (Paint Bucket tool)
o (shift+o)	Dodge tool (Burn tool, Sponge tool)
p (shift+p)	Pen tool (Freeform Pen tool)
t (shift+t)	Horizontal Type tool (Vertical Type tool, Type Mask tools)
a (shift+a)	Path Selection tool (Direct Selection tool)
u (shift+u)	Rectangle tool (Rounded Rectangle tool, Ellipse tool, Polygon tool, Line tool, Custom Shape tool)
k (shift+k)	3D Object Rotate tool (Roll, Pan, Slide, Scale tool). PS extended only
n (shift+n)	3D Camera Rotate tool (Roll,Pan, Walk, Zoom tool). PS extended only
h	Hand tool
r	Rotate View tool
z	Zoom tool

2. View Images
ctrl+tab	Cycle through open documents
shift+ctrl+tab	Switch to previous document
shift+ctrl+w	Close a file in Photoshop and open Bridge
q	Toggle between Standard mode and Quick Mask mode
f / shift+f	Toggle forward / toggle backward between Standard Screen Mode, Maximized Screen Mode, Full Screen Mode, and Full Screen Mode with menu bar
space+f / space+shift+f	Toggle canvas color forward / toggle canvas color backwards
Double-click Hand tool	Fit image in window
ctrl+1	Magnify 100%
space	Temporary switch to Hand tool (when not in text-edit mode)
shift+drag
ctrl+space	Temporarily switch to Zoom In tool
alt+space	Temporarily switch to Zoom Out tool
space+drag	Move Zoom marquee while dragging with the Zoom tool
shift+enter in Navigator panel zoom percentage box	Apply zoom percentage, and keep zoom percentage box active
ctrl+drag over preview in Navigator panel	Zoom in on specified area of an image
space+drag, or drag view area box in Navigator panel	Scroll image with Hand tool
page up or page down	Scroll up or down 1 screen
shift+page up or page down	Scroll up or down 10 units
home or end	Move view to upper-left corner or lower right corner
\ (backslash)	Toggle layer mask on/off as rubylith (layer mask must be selected)

3. Puppet Warp
esc	Cancel completely
ctrl+z	Undo last pin adjustment
ctrl+a	Select all pins
ctrl+d	Deselect all pins
shift+click	Select multiple pins
shift+drag	Move multiple selected pins
h	Temporarily hide pins

4. Refine Edge
ctrl+alt+r	Open the Refine Edge dialog box
f	Cycle forward through preview modes
shift+f	Cycle (backward) through preview modes
x	Toggle between original image and selection preview
p	Toggle between original selection and refined version
j	Toggle radius preview on and off
e	Toggle between Refine Radius and Erase Refinements tools

5. Filter Gallery
alt+click a filter	Apply a new filter on top of selected
alt+click a disclosure triangle	Open/close all disclosure triangles
ctrl	Change Cancel button to Default
alt	Change Cancel button to Reset
ctrl+z	Undo/Redo
ctrl+shift+z	Step forward
ctrl+alt+z	Step backward

6. Liquify
w	Forward Warp tool
r	Reconstruct tool
c	Twirl Clockwise tool
s	Pucker tool
b	Bloat tool
o	Push Left tool
m	Mirror tool
t	Turbulence tool
f	Freeze Mask tool
d	Thaw Mask tool
alt+tool	Reverse direction for Bloat, Pucker, Push Left, and Mirror tools
alt+drag in preview with Reconstruct tool, Displace, Amplitwist, or Affine mode selected	Continually sample the distortion
arrow left / arrow right in Brush Size, Density, Pressure, Rate, or Turbulent Jitter text box	Decrease/increase brush size by 2 (or density, pressure, rate, or turbulent jitter by 1). Hold down shift to decrease/increase by 10
arrow left / arrow right with Brush Size, Density, Pressure, Rate, or Turbulent Jitter slider showing	Decrease/increase brush size by 2 (or density, pressure, rate, or turbulent jitter by 1). Hold down shift to decrease/increase by 10
tab	Cycle through controls on right from top
shift+tab	Cycle through controls on right from bottom
alt	Change Cancel to Reset

7. Vanishing Point
x	Zoom 2x (temporary)
ctrl++ / ctrl+-	Zoom in / Zoom out
ctrl+0	Fit in view
Double-click Zoom tool	Zoom to center at 100%
] / [	Increase / Decrease brush size (Brush, Stamp tools)
shift+] / shift+[	Increase / Decrease brush hardness (Brush, Stamp tools)
ctrl+z	Undo last action
ctrl+shift+z	Redo last action
ctrl+d	Deselect all
ctrl+h	Hide selection and planes
arrow keys	Move selection 1 pixel
shift+arrow keys	Move selection 10 pixels
ctrl+c	Copy
ctrl+v	Paste
ctrl+shift+t	Repeat last duplicate and move
ctrl+alt+t	Create a floating selection from the current selection
ctrl+drag	Fill a selection with image under the pointer
ctrl+alt+drag	Create a duplicate of the selection as a floating selection
alt+shift to rotate	Constrain selection to a 15° rotation
ctrl+click the plane	Select a plane under another selected plane
ctrl+drag	Create 90 degree plane off parent plane
backspace	Delete last node while creating plane
Double-click the Create Plane tool	Make a full canvas plane, square to the camera
ctrl+shift+h	Show/hide measurements (Photoshop Extended only)
ctrl+e	Export to a DFX file (Photoshop Extended only)
ctrl+shift+e	Export to a 3DS file (Photoshop Extended only)

8. Camera Raw Dialog Box
z	Zoom tool
h	Hand tool
i	White Balance tool
s	Color Sampler tool
c	Crop tool
a	Straighten tool
b	Spot Removal tool
e	Red Eye Removal tool
ctrl+alt+1	Basic panel
ctrl+alt+2	Tone Curve panel
ctrl+alt+3	Detail panel
ctrl+alt+4	HSL/Grayscale panel
ctrl+alt+5	Split Toning panel
ctrl+alt+6	Lens Corrections panel
ctrl+alt+7	Camera Calibration panel
ctrl+alt+8	Presets panel
ctrl+alt+9	Open Snapshots panel
ctrl+alt+shift+t	Parametric Curve Targeted Adjustment tool
ctrl+alt+shift+h	Hue Targeted Adjustment tool
ctrl+alt+shift+s	Saturation Targeted Adjustment tool
ctrl+alt+shift+l	Luminance Targeted Adjustment tool
ctrl+alt+shift+g	Grayscale Mix Targeted Adjustment tool
t	Last-used Targeted Adjustment tool
k	Adjustment Brush tool
g	Graduated Filter tool
] / [	Increase/decrease brush size
shift+] / shift+[	Increase/decrease brush feather
= / -	Increase/decrease Adjustment Brush tool flow in increments of 10
alt	Temporarily switch from Add to Erase mode for the Adjustment Brush tool, or from Erase to Add mode
alt+] / alt+[	Increase/decrease temporary Adjustment Brush tool size
alt+shift+] / alt+shift+[	Increase/decrease temporary Adjustment Brush tool feather
alt+= / alt+-	Increase/decrease temporary Adjustment Brush tool flow in increments of 10
n	Switch to New mode from Add or Erase mode of the Adjustment Brush tool or the Graduated Filter
m	Toggle Auto Mask for Adjustment Brush tool
y	Toggle Show Mask for Adjustment Brush tool
v	Toggle pins for Adjustment Brush tool, Toggle overlay for Graduated Filter, Spot Removal tool, or Red Eye Removal tool.
l or ctrl+]	Rotate image left
r or ctrl+[	Rotate image right
ctrl++ / ctrl+-	Zoom in / Zoom out
ctrl	Temporarily switch to Zoom In tool. (Doesn't work when Straighten tool is selected. If Crop tool is active, temporarily switches to Straighten tool.)
alt	Temporarily switch to Zoom Out tool and change the Open Image button to Open Copy and the Cancel button to Reset.
p	Toggle preview
f	Full screen mode
shift	Temporarily activate the White Balance tool and change the Open Image button to Open Object. (Does not work if Crop tool is active.)
Click the first point; shift+click additional points	Select multiple points in Curves panel
ctrl+click in preview	Add point to curve in Curves panel
arrow keys	Move selected point in Curves panel (1 unit)
shift+arrow keys	Move selected point in Curves panel (10 units)
ctrl+r	Open selected images in Camera Raw dialog box from Bridge
shift+double-click image	Open selected images from Bridge bypassing Camera Raw dialog box
alt+drag Exposure, Recovery, or Black sliders	Display highlights that will be clipped in Preview
o	Highlight clipping warning
u	Shadows clipping warning
ctrl+1 ... 5	(Filmstrip mode) Add 1 - 5 star rating
ctrl+. (period) / ctrl+, (comma)	(Filmstrip mode) Increase/decrease rating
ctrl+6	(Filmstrip mode) Add red label
ctrl+7	(Filmstrip mode) Add yellow label
ctrl+8	(Filmstrip mode) Add green label
ctrl+9	(Filmstrip mode) Add blue label
ctrl+shift+0	(Filmstrip mode) Add purple label
ctrl+k	Camera Raw preferences
ctrl+alt (on open)	Deletes Adobe Camera Raw preferences

9. Black-and-White Dialog Box
shift+ctrl+alt+b	Open the Black-and-White dialog box
arrow up/arrow down	Increase/decrease selected value by 1%
shift+arrow up/arrow down	Increase/decrease selected value by 10%
Click+drag on the image	Change the values of the closest color slider

10. Curves
ctrl+m	Open the Curves dialog box
+ / -	Select next / previous point on the curve
shift+click the points	Select multiple points on the curve
ctrl+d	Deselect a point
Select a point and press delete	Delete a point on the curve
arrow keys	Move the selected point 1 unit
shift+arrow keys	Move the selected point 10 units
alt+drag black/white point sliders	Display highlights and shadows that will be clipped
ctrl+click the image	Set a point to the composite curve
shift+ctrl+click the image	Set a point to the channel curves
alt+click the field	Toggle grid size

11. Select and Move Objects
Any marquee tool (except single column and single row), press space+drag	Reposition marquee while selecting
Any selection tool+shift+drag	Add to a selection
Any selection tool+alt+drag	Subtract from a selection
Any selection tool (except Quick Selection tool)+shift-alt+drag	Intersect a selection
shift+drag	Constrain marquee to square or circle (if no other selections are active)
alt+drag	Draw marquee from center (if no other selections are active)
shift+alt+drag	Constrain shape and draw marquee from center
ctrl	Switch to Move tool (except when Hand, Slice, Path, Shape, or any Pen tool is selected)
alt+drag	Switch from Magnetic Lasso tool to Lasso tool
alt+click	Switch from Magnetic Lasso tool to polygonal Lasso tool
enter/esc or ctrl+. (period)	Apply/cancel an operation of the Magnetic Lasso
Move tool+alt+drag selection	Move copy of selection
Any selection+arrow keys	Move selection area 1 pixel
Move tool+arrow keys	Move selection 1 pixel
ctrl+arrow keys	Move layer 1 pixel when nothing selected on layer
Magnetic Lasso tool+[ / ]	Increase/decrease detection width
Crop tool+enter or esc	Accept cropping or exit cropping
/ (forward slash)	Toggle crop shield off and on
Ruler tool+alt+drag end point	Make protractor
shift+drag guide	Snap guide to ruler ticks (except when View Snap is unchecked)
alt+drag guide	Convert between horizontal and vertical guide

12. Transform Selections, Selection Borders, and Paths
alt	Transform from center or reflect
shift	Constrain
ctrl	Distort
enter	Apply
ctrl+. (period) or esc	Cancel
ctrl+alt+t	Free transform with duplicate data
ctrl+shift+alt+t	Transform again with duplicate data

13. Edit Paths
Direct selection tool+shift+click	Select multiple anchor points
Direct selection tool+alt+click	Select entire path
Pen (any Pen tool), Path Selection or Direct Selection tool+ctrl+alt+drag	Duplicate a path
ctrl	Switch from Path Selection, Pen, Add Anchor Point, Delete Anchor Point, or Convert Point tools, to Direct Selection tool
alt	Switch from Pen tool or Freeform Pen tool to Convert Point tool when pointer is over anchor or direction point
Magnetic Pen tool, double-click	Close path
Magnetic Pen tool, alt-double-click	Close path with straight-line segment

14. Painting
Any painting tool+shift+alt+right-click and drag	Select foreground color from color picker
Any painting tool+alt or any shape tool+alt (except when Paths option is selected)	Select foreground color from image with Eyedropper tool
Eyedropper tool+alt+click	Select background color
Eyedropper tool+shift	Color sampler tool
Color sampler tool+alt+click	Deletes color sampler
Any painting or editing tool+1...9	Set opacity, tolerance, strength, or exposure for painting mode. 0 = 100%, 1 = 10%. Two numbers in quick succession (e.g. 45 = 45%) When airbrush option is enabled, use shift+1...9)
Any painting or editing tool+shift+number keys	Sets flow for painting mode 0 = 100%, 1 = 10%. Two numbers in quick succession (e.g. 45 = 45%) When airbrush option is enabled, use shift+1...9)
alt+shift+1...9	Mixer Brush changes Mix setting
0...9	Mixer Brush changes Wet setting
0	Mixer Brush changes Wet and Mix to zero
shift++ / shift+-	Cycle through blending modes
backspace or shift+backspace	Open Fill dialog box on background or standard layer
alt+backspace or ctrl+backspace	Fill with foreground or background color
ctrl+alt+backspace	Fill from history
shift+backspace	Displays Fill dialog box
/ (forward slash)	Lock transparent pixels on/off
Any painting tool+shift+click	Connects points with a straight line

15. Blending Modes
shift++ / shift+-	Cycle through blending modes
shift+alt+n	Normal
shift+alt+i	Dissolve
shift+alt+q	Behind (Brush tool only)
shift+alt+r	Clear (Brush tool only)
shift+alt+k	Darken
shift+alt+m	Multiply
shift+alt+b	Color Burn
shift+alt+a	Linear Burn
shift+alt+g	Lighten
shift+alt+s	Screen
shift+alt+d	Color Dodge
shift+alt+w	Linear Dodge
shift+alt+o	Overlay
shift+alt+f	Soft Light
shift+alt+h	Hard Light
shift+alt+v	Vivid Light
shift+alt+j	Linear Light
shift+alt+z	Pin Light
shift+alt+l	Hard Mix
shift+alt+e	Difference
shift+alt+x	Exclusion
shift+alt+u	Hue
shift+alt+t	Saturation
shift+alt+c	Color
shift+alt+y	Luminosity
Sponge tool+shift+alt+d	Desaturate
Sponge tool+shift+alt+s	Saturate
Dodge tool/Burn tool+shift+alt+s	Dodge/burn shadows
Dodge tool/Burn tool+shift+alt+m	Dodge/burn midtones
Dodge tool/Burn tool+shift+alt+h	Dodge/burn highlights
shift+alt+n	Set blending mode to Threshold for bitmap images, Normal for all other images

16. Select and Edit text
ctrl+drag type when Type layer is selected	Move type in image
shift+arrow keys, ctrl+shift+arrow keys etc.	Select Characters: Use Standard Windows Editing Shortcuts
shift+click	Select characters from insertion point to mouse click point
shift+click	Create a new text layer, when a text layer is selected in the Layers panel
Double-click, triple-click, quadruple-click, or quintuple-click	Select a word, line, paragraph, or story
ctrl+h	Show/Hide selection on selected type
ctrl	Display the bounding box for transforming text when editing text, or activate Move tool if cursor is inside the bounding box
ctrl+drag a bounding box handle	Scale text within a bounding box when resizing the bounding box
space+drag	Move text box while creating text box

17. Format Type
Horizontal Type tool+ctrl+shift+l, c, or r	Align left, center, or right
Vertical Type tool+ctrl+shift+l, c, or r	Align top, center, or bottom
ctrl+shift+x	Choose 100% horizontal scale
ctrl+shift+alt+x	Choose 100% vertical scale
ctrl+shift+alt+a	Choose Auto leading
ctrl+shift+q	Choose 0 for tracking
ctrl+shift+j	Justify paragraph, left aligns last line
ctrl+shift+f	Justify paragraph, justifies all
ctrl+shift+alt+h	Toggle paragraph hyphenation on/off
ctrl+shift+alt+t	Toggle single/every-line composer on/off
ctrl+shift+;	Decrease or increase type size of selected text 2 points or pixels
alt+arrow down or arrow up	Decrease or increase leading 2 points or pixels
shift+alt+arrow down or arrow up	Decrease or increase baseline shift 2 points or pixels
alt+arrow left or arrow right	Decrease or increase kerning/tracking 20/1000 ems

18. Slicing and Optimizing
ctrl	Toggle between Slice tool and Slice Selection tool
shift+drag	Draw square slice
alt+drag	Draw from center outward
shift+alt+drag	Draw square slice from center outward
space+drag	Reposition slice while creating slice
Right-click slice	Open context-sensitive menu

All Panels
alt+click New button	Set options for new items (except for Actions, Animation, Styles, Brushes, Tool Presets, and Layer Comps panels)
alt+click delete button	Delete without confirmation (except for the Brush panel)
shift+enter	Apply value and keep text box active
tab	Show/Hide all panels
shift+tab	Show/Hide all panels except the toolbox and options bar
Select tool and press enter	Highlight options bar
shift+arrow up/arrow down	Increase/decrease selected values by 10

Action Panel
alt+click the check mark next to a command	Turn command on and all others off, or turns all commands on
alt+click	Turn current modal control on and toggle all other modal controls
alt+double-click action or action set	Change action or action set options
Double-click recorded command	Display Options dialog box for recorded command
ctrl+double-click an action	Play entire action
alt+click the triangle	Collapse/expand all components of an action
ctrl+click the Play button	Play a command
alt+click the New Action button	Create new action and begin recording without confirmation
shift+click the action/ command	Select contiguous items of the same kind
ctrl+click the action/ command	Select discontiguous items of the same kind

Adjustment Panel
alt+3 (red), alt+4 (green), alt+5 (blue)	Choose specific channel for adjustment
alt+2	Choose composite channel for adjustment
delete or backspace	Delete adjustment layer
alt+click Auto button	Define Auto options for Levels or Curves

Animation Panel (Frames Mode)
shift+click second frame	Select/deselect multiple contiguous frames
ctrl+click multiple frames	Select/deselect multiple discontiguous frames
alt+Paste Frames command from the Panel pop-up menu	Paste using previous settings without displaying the dialog box

Animation Panel (Timeline Mode, PS extended)
space	Start playing the timeline or Animation panel
alt+click the current-time display in the upper-left corner of the timeline.	Switch between timecode and frame numbers (current time view)
alt+click	Expand and collapse list of layers
Hold down the shift key when clicking the next/previous Frame buttons (on either side of the Play button).	Jump to the next/previous whole second in timeline
Hold down the shift key while dragging the current time.	Increase playback speed
Hold down the ctrl key while dragging the current time.	Decrease playback speed
shift+drag	Snap an object (keyframe, the current time, layer in point, and so on) to the nearest object in timeline
alt+drag (first or last keyframe in the selection)	Scale (evenly distribute to condensed or extended length) a selected group of multiple keyframes
arrow left or page up	Back one frame
arrow right or page down	Forward one frame
shift+arrow left or shift+page up	Back ten frames
shift+arrow right or shift+page down	Forward ten frames
home / end	Move to the beginning / to the end of the timeline
shift+home / shift+end	Move to the beginning / to the end of the work area
arrow up	Move to "In" point of the current layer
arrow down	Move to the "Out" point of the current layer
shift+arrow up / shift+arrow down	Back 1 second / Forward 1 second
esc	Return a rotated document to its original orientation

Brush Panel
alt+click brush	Delete brush
Double-click brush	Rename brush
alt+right click+drag left or right	Change brush size
alt+right click+drag up or down	Decrease/increase brush softness/hardness
, (comma) / . (period)	Select previous/next brush size
shift+, (comma) / shift+. (period)	Select first/ Select last brush
caps lock or shift+caps lock	Display precise cross hair for brushes
shift+alt+p	Toggle airbrush option

Channels Panel
ctrl+3 (red), ctrl+4 (green), ctrl+5 (blue)	Select individual channels
ctrl+2	Select composite channel
ctrl+click channel thumbnail, or alt+ctrl+3 (red), alt+ctrl+4 (green), alt+ctrl+5 (blue)	Load channel as selection
ctrl+shift+click channel thumbnail.	Add to current selection
ctrl+alt+click channel thumbnail	Subtract from current selection
ctrl+shift+alt+click channel thumbnail	Intersect with current selection
alt+click Save Selection As Channel button	Set options for Save Selection As Channel button
ctrl+click Create New Channel button	Create a new spot channel
shift+click color channel	Select/deselect multiple color-channel selection
shift+click alpha channel	Select/deselect alpha channel and show/hide as a rubylith overlay
Double-click alpha or spot channel thumbnail	Display channel options
~	Toggle composite and grayscale mask in Quick Mask mode

Clone Source Panel
alt+shift	Show Clone Source (overlays image)
alt+shift+arrow keys	Nudge Clone Source
alt+shift+;	Rotate Clone Source
alt+shift+[ or ]	Scale (increase or reduce size) Clone Source

Color Panel
alt+click color in color bar	Select background color
Right-click color bar	Display Color Bar menu
shift+click color bar	Cycle through color choices

History Panel
alt+new Snapshot	Create a new snapshot
Double-click snapshot name	Rename snapshot
ctrl+shift+z	Step forward through image states
ctrl+alt+z	Step backward through image states
alt+click the image state	Duplicate any image state, except the current state
alt+clear History	Permanently clear history (no Undo) in History panel pop-up menu

Info Panel
Click eyedropper icon	Change color readout modes
Click crosshair icon	Change measurement units

Layers Panel
ctrl+click layer thumbnail	Load layer transparency as a selection
ctrl+shift+click layer thumbnail.	Add to current selection
ctrl+alt+click layer thumbnail.	Subtract from current selection
ctrl+shift+alt+click layer thumbnail.	Intersect with current selection
ctrl+click filter mask thumbnail	Load filter mask as a selection
ctrl+g	Group layers
ctrl+shift+g	Ungroup layers
ctrl+alt+g	Create/release clipping mask
ctrl+alt+a	Select all layers
ctrl+shift+e	Merge visible layers
alt+click New Layer button	Create new empty layer with dialog box
ctrl+click New Layer button	Create new layer below target layer
alt+.. (period)	Select top layer
alt+,, (comma)	Select bottom layer
shift+alt+[ or ]	Add to layer selection in Layers panel
alt+[ or ]	Select next layer down/up
ctrl+[ or ]	Move target layer down/up
ctrl+shift+alt+e	Merge a copy of all visible layers into target layer
Highlight layers you want to merge, then ctrl+e	Merge layers
ctrl+shift+[ or ]	Move layer to bottom or top
alt+ Merge Down command from the Panel pop-up menu	Copy current layer to layer below
alt+ Merge Visible command from the Panel pop-up menu	Merge all visible layers to a new layer above the currently selected layer
Right-click the eye icon	Show/hide this layer/layer group only or all layers/layer groups
alt+ click the eye icon	Show/hide all other currently visible layers
/ (forward slash)	Toggle lock transparency for target layer, or last applied lock
Double-click layer effect/style	Edit layer effect/style, options
alt-double-click layer effect/style	Hide layer effect/style
Double-click layer	Edit layer style
shift+click vector mask thumbnail	Disable/enable vector mask
Double-click layer mask thumbnail	Open Layer Mask Display Options dialog box
shift+click layer mask thumbnail	Toggle layer mask on/off
shift+click filter mask thumbnail	Toggle filter mask on/off
alt+click layer mask thumbnail	Toggle between layer mask/composite image
alt+click filter mask thumbnail	Toggle between filter mask/composite image
\ (backslash), or shift+alt+click	Toggle rubylith mode for layer mask on/off
Double-click type layer thumbnail	Select all type; temporarily select Type tool
alt+click the line dividing two layers	Create a clipping mask
Double-click the layer name	Rename layer
Double-click the filter effect	Edit filter settings
Double-click the Filter Blending icon	Edit the Filter Blending options
ctrl+click New Group button	Create new layer group below current layer/layer set
alt+click New Group button	Create new layer group with dialog box
alt+click Add Layer Mask button	Create layer mask that hides all/selection
ctrl+click Add Layer Mask button	Create vector mask that reveals all/path area
ctrl+alt+click Add Layer Mask button	Create vector mask that hides all or displays path area
Right-click layer group and choose Group Properties, or double-click group	Display layer group properties
shift+click	Select/deselect multiple contiguous layers
ctrl+click	Select/deselect multiple discontiguous layers

Layers Comps Panel
alt+click Create New Layer Comp button	Create new layer comp without the New Layer Comp box
Double-click layer comp	Open Layer Comp Options dialog box
Double-click layer comp name	Rename in-line
shift+click	Select/deselect multiple contiguous layer comps
ctrl+click	Select/deselect multiple discontiguous layer comps

Paths Panel
ctrl+click pathname	Load path as selection
ctrl+shift+click pathname	Add path to selection
ctrl+alt+click pathname	Subtract path from selection
ctrl+shift+alt+click pathname	Retain intersection of path as selection
ctrl+shift+h	Hide path
alt+click button	Set options for Fill Path with Foreground Color button, Stroke Path with Brush button, Load Path as a Selection button, Make Work Path from Selection button, and Create New Path button

Swatches Panel
Click in empty area of panel	Create new swatch from foreground color
ctrl+click swatch	Set swatch color as background color
alt+click swatch	Delete swatch

20. 3D tools (PS Extended)
n	Enable 3D camera tools
alt+ctrl+x	Hide nearest surface
alt+shift+ctrl+x	Show all surfaces
right-click / alt	Change between Rotate, Roll, Drag, Slide, and Scale 3D Object Tool
shift	Scale on the Y plane

21. Measurement (PS Extended)
shift+ctrl+m	Record a measurement
ctrl+d	Deselects all measurements
ctrl+a	Selects all measurements
shift+ctrl+h	Hide/show all measurements
backspace	Removes a measurement
arrow keys	Nudge the measurement
shift+arrow keys	Nudge the measurement in increments
ctrl+left/right arrow key	Extend/shorten selected measurement
shift+ctrl+left/right arrow key	Extend/shorten selected measurement in increments
ctrl+up/down arrow key	Rotate selected measurement

22. DICOM files (PS Extended)
z	Zoom tool
h	Hand tool
w	Window Level tool
ctrl+a	Select all frames
ctrl+d	Deselect all frames except the current frame
arrow keys	Navigate through frames

23. Extract and Pattern Maker (plug-in)

Extract and Pattern Maker
ctrl+0	Fit in window
ctrl++ / ctrl+-	Zoom in / Zoom out
tab	Cycle through controls on right from top
shift+tab	Cycle through controls on right from bottom
space	Temporarily activate Hand tool
alt	Change Cancel to Reset

Extract Only
b	Edge Highlighter tool
g	Fill tool
i	Eyedropper tool
c	Cleanup tool
t	Edge Touchup tool
alt+Edge Highlighter/Eraser tool	Toggle between Edge Highlighter tool and Eraser tool
ctrl with Edge Highlighter tool selected	Toggle Smart Highlighting
alt+delete	Remove current highlight
ctrl+delete	Highlight entire image
shift+click with Fill tool selected	Fill foreground area and preview extraction
ctrl+drag	Move mask when Edge Touchup tool is selected
alt+drag	Add opacity when Cleanup tool is selected
x	Toggle Show menu options in preview between Original and Extracted
shift+x	Enable Cleanup and Edge Touchup tools before preview
f	Cycle through Display menu in preview from top to bottom
shift+f	Cycle through Display menu in preview from bottom to top
arrow down/arrow up in Brush Size text box	Decrease/increase brush size by 1
arrow left/arrow right with Brush Size Slider showing	Decrease/increase brush size by 1
0...9	Set strength of Cleanup or Edge Touchup tool

Pattern Maker Only
ctrl+d	Delete current selection
ctrl+z	Undo a selection move
ctrl+g	Generate or generate again
shift+alt+select	Intersect with current selection
x	Toggle view: original/generated pattern
home	Go to first tile in Tile History
end	Go to last tile in Tile History
arrow left, page up	Go to previous tile in Tile History
arrow right, page down	Go to next tile in Tile History
delete	Delete current tile from Tile History
arrow right, arrow left, arrow up, or arrow down	Nudge selection when viewing the original
shift+arrow right, arrow left, arrow up, or arrow down	Increase selection nudging when viewing the original

24. Function keys
f1	Start Help
f2	Cut
f3	Copy
f4	Paste
f5	Show/Hide Brush panel
f6	Show/Hide Color panel
f7	Show/Hide Layers panel
f8	Show/Hide Info panel
f9	Show/Hide Actions panel
f12	Revert
shift+f5	Fill
shift+f6	Feather Selection
shift+f7	Inverse Selection

-By Parthiv Patel